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After independence
After independence
After independence, the Constitution of Bangladesh
established a unitary secular multiparty parliamentary democratic system. The
Awami League won the first general elections in 1973 with a massive mandate,
gaining an absolute parliamentary majority. A nationwide famine occurred during
1973 and 1974,[24] and in early 1975, Mujib initiated a one-party socialist
rule with his newly formed BAKSAL. On 15 August 1975, Mujib and most of his
family members were assassinated by mid-level military officers.[36] Vice President
Khandaker Mushtaq Ahmed was sworn in as President with most of Mujib's cabinet
intact. Two Army uprisings on 3 November and 7 November 1975 led to a
reorganised structure of power. A state of emergency was declared to restore
order and calm. Mushtaq resigned, and the country was placed under temporary
martial law, with
three service chiefs serving as deputies to the new
president, Justice Abu Sayem, who also
became the Chief Martial Law
Administrator. Lieutenant General Ziaur Rahman took over the presidency in 1977
when Justice Sayem resigned. President Zia reinstated multi-party politics,
introduced free markets, and founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).
Zia's rule ended when he was assassinated by elements of the military in
1981.[36] Bangladesh's next major ruler was Lieutenant General Hossain Mohammad
Ershad, who gained power in a coup on 24 March 1982, and ruled until 6 December
1990, when he was forced to resign after a revolt of all major political
parties and the public, along with pressure from Western donors (which was a
major shift in international policy after the fall of the Soviet Union).
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